Immunizations, also known as vaccinations, are essential in protecting children from infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens. They play a crucial role in preventing severe illnesses, complications, and outbreaks. Childhood immunization schedules typically include vaccines against diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP), polio (IPV), hepatitis B, hepatitis A, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcal infections (PCV), rotavirus, varicella (chickenpox), and influenza. Additional vaccines, such as the meningococcal vaccine, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, and COVID-19 vaccine, are recommended in older children and adolescents. Vaccines can be live-attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, or subunit/conjugate, depending on how they stimulate immunity