Pediatric pharmacology focuses on the study of drug effects, absorption, metabolism, and excretion in children, considering their unique physiological characteristics. Unlike adults, children have immature organ systems that affect drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, requiring careful dose adjustments. Drug absorption in neonates is slower due to reduced gastric acid secretion and enzyme activity, while distribution is influenced by higher body water content and lower fat stores, impacting water-soluble and fat-soluble drug concentrations. Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver, but enzyme activity is immature at birth, leading to prolonged drug half-lives in neonates and faster metabolism in older infants and children. Excretion through the kidneys is also underdeveloped in neonates, affecting drug clearance. Pediatric drug dosing is often weight-based (mg/kg) or surface-area-based to ensure safety and efficacy while minimizing toxicity risks. Special considerations include avoiding medications like tetracyclines, which affect teeth