Pediatric diseases encompass a wide range of medical conditions affecting infants, children, and adolescents. These diseases can be classified into infectious, congenital, nutritional, metabolic, and chronic disorders. Infectious diseases are common in children due to developing immune systems and include measles, mumps, chickenpox, whooping cough, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and respiratory infections like pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Gastrointestinal infections, such as rotavirus and norovirus, often cause dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting. Congenital disorders like congenital heart defects, Down syndrome, and neural tube defects are present at birth and require early diagnosis and management. Nutritional deficiencies, including iron deficiency anemia, rickets (vitamin D deficiency), and malnutrition, affect growth and development. Metabolic disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism, require early screening and dietary modifications. Chronic pediatric diseases like asthma, type 1 diabetes, cystic fibrosis, and epilepsy require long-term management. Allergic conditions, including food allergies and eczema, are also prevalent. Pediatricians focus on prevention through vaccinations, routine check-ups, and early interventions to ensure optimal health outcomes for children