The Biofunctionalization refers to the process of modifying or functionalizing materials, especially nanomaterials, with biological molecules (such as proteins, peptides, antibodies, or nucleic acids) to give them specific biological properties or capabilities. By attaching bioactive molecules to materials, researchers can enhance or create new biological interactions, allowing these materials to interact with biological systems in a controlled and targeted manner. Biofunctionalization is essential for a wide range of applications, particularly in biotechnology, medicine, and biosensing