A Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles with unique optical and electronic properties due to their nanoscale size (typically between 1-10 nm). They are made from materials like cadmium selenide (CdSe), zinc sulfide (ZnS), or lead selenide (PbSe), and they exhibit quantum confinement effects. These effects lead to distinct optical behaviors, such as size-tunable fluorescence and the ability to emit light across a wide range of wavelengths
